ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and associated factors of prevention of motherto-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in Hubei Province,and to provide a reference for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.Methods In this prospective cohort study,HIV-positive pregnant women who were in some counties and cities of Hubei Province from January 2004 to December 2016 were enrolled.Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was conducted for these HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants,and their clinical data were collected.Descriptive analysis and x2 test were used to analyze the general characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants.Logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the associated factors of mother-to-child HIV transmission.Results In total,536 HIV-positive pregnant women (628 pregnancies) were found,among which,334 pregnant women and 345 infants were enrolled in this study.Twenty-four infants were HIV-positive,which was 6.96％ in all infants (95％CI:4.27％-9.64％).The rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission without prevention,formula feeding only,infant medication plus formula feeding,mother and infant medication plus formula feeding were 35.71％ (95％CI:21.61％-51.93％),8.82％ (95％CI:2.08％-15.57％),7.41％ (95％CI:0.92％-24.22％),and0.48％ (95％CI:0.01％-2.64％),respectively.No antiretroviral medications during delivery (OR =14.484,95 ％CI:1.740-120.577,P=0.013),breastfeeding (OR=6.542,95％CI:2.416-17.713,P=0.000),and CD4-T lymphocyte count＜200 cells/μL during delivery (OR=3.060,95％CI:1.076-8.703,P=0.036) were independent risk factors of mother-to-child HIV transmission.Conclusions The rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission without prevention is high in Hubei Province,which can be significantly reduced by comprehensive interventions (mother and infant medication plus formula feeding).Thus,we should diagnose HIV-positive pregnant women as early as possible,and should give pregnant woman antiretroviral therapy plus infant medication and formula feeding to further reduce the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission.
ABSTRACT
Adipose stem cel s have been confirmed to promote the repair of soft tissue after damage, and the action mechanism is possibly related to the paracrine of adipose stem cel s, that is adipose stem cel s secrete a variety of cytokines, which may promote the restoration of damaged cel s. However, little report addressed the types of adipose stem cel s secreted factors, contents of each factor, and role in soft tissue repair after damage, especial y oral mucosa. To observe the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in adipose stem cel-conditioned medium on the proliferation of oral mucosa fibroblasts. Protein microarray analysis was used to analyze the contents of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in adipose stem cel-conditioned medium. CCK8 analysis was used to analyze the effects of adipose stem cel-conditioned medium with different concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor (0, 1, 10, 20, 50 and 100μg/L) or the neutralizing antibody of the three kinds of cytokines on the proliferation of oral mucosa fibroblast on 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. High contents of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor were contained in adipose stem cel-conditioned medium (signal value>300). Adipose stem cel-conditioned medium could promote the proliferation of oral mucosa fibroblasts, wherein, the promotion effects of platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were very significant, and the peak changes could be observed with variation of cytokines concentrations. The optimal concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were 50μg/L and 1μg/L, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The neutralizing antibody of platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor inhibited the promotion effect of adipose stem cel-conditioned medium. On the other hand, vascular endothelial growth factor had no significant effect on the proliferation of oral mucosa fibroblasts. Adipose stem cel-conditioned medium can promote the proliferation of oral mucosa fibroblasts, platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in adipose stem cel-conditioned medium have obvious promotion effects, which are dependent on the cytokine concentrations. Therefore, we should pay attention to choose the optimal concentrations of cytokines, thereby effectively promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the efficacy of rabdosia rubescens against gingivitis and compared the therapeutic efficacy of different dosage forms of rabdosia rubescens. A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, double-simulation, positive-controlled and parallel trial was conducted. A total of 136 patients exhibiting clinical symptoms of gingivitis were enrolled. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: test group (n=67), in which rabdosia rubescens drop pill (960 mg) and 4 tablets of simulation agent of rabdosia rubescen were orally given to the subjects three times a day for 5 days; and control group (n=69), in which the subjects were administered the tablets of rabdosia rubescens (1000 mg) and 24 drop pills of simulation agent of rabdosia rubescens thrice daily for 5 days. The experimental protocols and diagnostic criteria were established by expert panel prior to the experiment. The clinical symptoms were graded according to the severity of the disease and quantified. The total scores and scores for each clinical symptom of gingivitis were assessed at baseline and on the 6th day post-treatment. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups and in each group itself before and after the treatment. The results showed that in the two groups, the subjects who were given rabdosia rubescens, drop pill or tablet, had a decrease in total scores and scores for each clinical symptom when compared with those before treatment (P<0.01). There was significant difference in the therapeutic efficacy between the test group and the control group with the efficacy rate being 92.54% and 79.71% respectively (P<0.05). It was concluded that rabdosia rubescens showed great promise in treating gingivitis. And rabdosia rubescens drop pill was more efficacious than rabdosia rubescens tablet.